PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Deutschmann, Sven
AU  - Carpenter, Bill
AU  - Duignan, Caroline
AU  - Knutsen, Chris
AU  - Salvas, Joanny
AU  - Wysocki, Lisa
AU  - Plourde, Lucile
AU  - Johnson, Lynn
AU  - Eder, Wolfgang
AU  - Franz-Riethdorf, Margit
TI  - A Systematic Approach for the Evaluation, Validation and Implementation of Automated Colony Counting Systems
AID  - 10.5731/pdajpst.2021.012646
DP  - 2022 Jan 01
TA  - PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
PG  - pdajpst.2021.012646
4099  - http://journal.pda.org/content/early/2022/03/16/pdajpst.2021.012646.short
4100  - http://journal.pda.org/content/early/2022/03/16/pdajpst.2021.012646.full
AB  - For several years, automated colony counting systems have been available with varying degrees of automation. Ever more sophisticated instruments are now increasingly used in microbiological laboratories of pharmaceutical Quality Control. In addition to the colony counting device, the instruments are now also equipped with robotic systems performing the entire handling of the Petri dishes, e.g. automated internal transportation of Petri dishes from the incubator chamber to the instrument′s enumeration device and back. Moreover, the subjective evaluation of microbial enumeration tests by analysts is replaced with a more accurate and precise process. This leads to significant improvements to data integrity compliance. Automated colony counting systems also often enable cost reduction in the microbiological laboratory, e.g. by not requiring a contemporaneous verification by a second analyst. They also enable direct integration of count data into an existing Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS), reducing the hands-on time, costs per test and also preventing human errors caused by manual transcription. Altogether, these instruments will lead to improved monitoring and assurance of control of biopharmaceutical processes and manufacturing environments, as well as shortened cycle times in the supply chain. Regulators are encouraging the biopharmaceutical industry to adopt these innovative systems. For example, this year a BioPhorum member company received the first health authority approvals from EU, US, CH, Canada, Australia and China for the use of automated colony counting systems for in-process bioburden testing and the release of drug substance lots, with an incubation time reduced by about 50%. Although these approvals are for release testing of drug substance lots, the instruments can also be used for environmental monitoring, testing of water samples, etc. This paper describes a systematic 9-step approach to the evaluation, equipment qualification, and deployment of automated colony counting systems which can be applied by biopharmaceutical companies wanting to take advantage of their numerous benefits.