RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Aluminum Catalysis of Epinephrine Degradation in Lidocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine Solutions
JF PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
JO PDA J Pharm Sci Technol
FD Parenteral Drug Association (PDA)
SP 232
OP 236
VO 36
IS 6
A1 Milano, E. A.
A1 Waraszkiewicz, Sigmund M.
A1 Dirubio, R.
YR 1982
UL http://journal.pda.org/content/36/6/232.abstract
AB The degradation rate of epinephrine in a lidocaine hydrochloride parenteral solution is greatly increased in the presence of soluble aluminum. While epinephrine in these solutions may degrade by racemi-zation, oxidation, or bisulfite addition, the results of this study indicate that aluminum catalyzed the bisulfite addition reaction. It is postulated that catalysis resulted from the formation of a stable monocatecholate complex between epinephrine and aluminum, which may have provided a more favorable pathway for the bisulfite reaction. Kinetic studies showed that lidocaine hydrochloride solutions with epinephrine, which contained as little as 2 ppm aluminum exhibit a t90% value for epinephrine of less than twelve months at room temperature.