PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - James W. Danielson
AU  - Gordon S. Oxborrow
AU  - Ana M. Placencia
TI  - Chemical Leaching of Rubber Stoppers into Parenteral Solutions
DP  - 1983 May 01
TA  - PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
PG  - 89--92
VI  - 37
IP  - 3
4099  - http://journal.pda.org/content/37/3/89.short
4100  - http://journal.pda.org/content/37/3/89.full
SO  - PDA J Pharm Sci Technol1983 May 01; 37
AB  - A determination was made of various chemical compounds leached from rubber stoppers into large volume parenteral solutions. Two kinds of rubber stoppers and 12 lots of large volume parenteral solutions with the same types of stoppers were evaluated. With the exception of furfural, the same chemical compounds were extracted from the parenteral solutions and from unused stoppers. Results showed that many chemical compounds are leached from rubber stoppers into large volume parenteral solutions and that some can cause harmful effects at certain concentration levels. Quantitative testing is needed to determine the levels of leached chemicals present in parenteral solutions.