PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Glenn Howard, Jr
AU  - Ronnie Duberstein
TI  - A Case of Penetration of 0.2-µm Rated Membrane Filters by Bacteria
DP  - 1980 Mar 01
TA  - PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
PG  - 95--102
VI  - 34
IP  - 2
4099  - http://journal.pda.org/content/34/2/95.short
4100  - http://journal.pda.org/content/34/2/95.full
SO  - PDA J Pharm Sci Technol1980 Mar 01; 34
AB  - While conducting long term bacteria challenge tests of 0.2-µ.m rated sterilizing grade filters which retained 100% of the standard challenge organism P. diminuta, it was discovered that several species of indigenous water bacteria were not completely retained by these filters. This finding has been confirmed for a variety of commercially available Q.2-µm rated disc and cartridge filters. Filters were challenged with wellwater which contained naturally occurring bacterial species. The challenge system included a prefilter to remove debris and large microorganisms, the test filter, and an analysis membrane filter to monitor the total effluent. Influent bacteria levels were also