RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 A Case of Penetration of 0.2-µm Rated Membrane Filters by Bacteria
JF PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
JO PDA J Pharm Sci Technol
FD Parenteral Drug Association (PDA)
SP 95
OP 102
VO 34
IS 2
A1 Howard, Glenn
A1 Duberstein, Ronnie
YR 1980
UL http://journal.pda.org/content/34/2/95.abstract
AB While conducting long term bacteria challenge tests of 0.2-µ.m rated sterilizing grade filters which retained 100% of the standard challenge organism P. diminuta, it was discovered that several species of indigenous water bacteria were not completely retained by these filters. This finding has been confirmed for a variety of commercially available Q.2-µm rated disc and cartridge filters. Filters were challenged with wellwater which contained naturally occurring bacterial species. The challenge system included a prefilter to remove debris and large microorganisms, the test filter, and an analysis membrane filter to monitor the total effluent. Influent bacteria levels were also