RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Perspectives on Alternative Methods of Toxicological Testing
JF PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
JO PDA J Pharm Sci Technol
FD Parenteral Drug Association (PDA)
SP 225
OP 226
VO 37
IS 6
A1 Northup, Sharon J.
YR 1983
UL http://journal.pda.org/content/37/6/225.abstract
AB In the past, clinical laboratory experimentation has frequently depended on the use of laboratory animals for diagnostic purposes and to determine the safety and efficacy of products. The cost of maintaining colonies of laboratory animals has increased and, at the same time, a number of technologically sophisticated alternatives to animal testing have been developed. The most important of the alternatives are in vitro cell culture techniques, in vitro mutagenicity testing, and the use of mathematics and statistics in setting up models for pharmacology, toxicology, and physiology. Use of laboratory animals should continue to decline as further alternatives are developed and validated.