PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Macdonald, William D.
AU  - Pelletier, Christine A.
AU  - Gasper, Donna L.
TI  - Practical Methods for the Microbial Validation of Sterilizing-Grade Filters Used in Aseptic Processing
DP  - 1989 Nov 01
TA  - PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
PG  - 266--270
VI  - 43
IP  - 6
4099  - http://journal.pda.org/content/43/6/266.short
4100  - http://journal.pda.org/content/43/6/266.full
SO  - PDA J Pharm Sci Technol1989 Nov 01; 43
AB  - Microbial challenge test methods to validate sterilizing-grade filters were developed to facilitate the use of parenteral drug products as liquid vehicles. Scaled-down filtration systems were developed in response to processing parameters, e.g., flow rates, pressures, duration, and temperature, provided by customers. Accordingly, 47 mm disc filter holders were chosen to minimize the volume of product necessary for each test. A peristaltic pump was used to produce positive pressure within the test system, and a 47mm filter sampling manifold was used to assay the entire filtrate. The resultant system was able to accommodate a variety of flow rates while maintaining the viability of the retention test microorganism, Pseudomonas diminuta (ATCC Number 19146). Experiments were conducted by challenging sterilizing-grade (0.22 µm) and 0.45 µm polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) (DuraporeTM) filter discs under simulated processing conditions with P. diminuta resuspended in the pharmaceutical products. The challenge concentration was at least 107 colony forming units per cm2 of filter area. The 0.22µm filters were shown to be retentive in all cases, while the 0.45µ.m membranes exhibited some degree of bacterial passage as expected. The results of these experiments were communicated to the customers for inclusion in their process validation documentation.