RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Comparative Terminal Sterilization
JF PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
JO PDA J Pharm Sci Technol
FD Parenteral Drug Association (PDA)
SP 138
OP 141
VO 47
IS 3
A1 William G. Lindboe
A1 Kan-Ichi Hayakawa
YR 1993
UL http://journal.pda.org/content/47/3/138.abstract
AB Thermal processing of product in its final container to achieve product safety has been a major process operation of the pharmaceutical and food industries for many years. The original batch type autoclave (retort) is still in prevalent use today. However, high volume continuous and semi-continuous methods are also utilized, primarily in the food industry. Each different terminal sterilization method and load type requires assurance of process adequacy. This paper examines some of the types of moist heat terminal sterilizers in both the pharmaceutical and food industries and compares their features.