%0 Journal Article %A Arno T. P. Skrabanja %A AndrÉ L. J. De Meere %A Rien A. De Ruiter %A Piet J. M. Van Den Oetelaar %T Lyophilization of Biotechnology Products %D 1994 %J PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology %P 311-317 %V 48 %N 6 %X In this review the lyophilization of biotechnology products is discussed. It is emphasized that the final quality of a protein product is determined by an interplay between the proper choice of excipients and the freeze-drying process. A crystalline matrix after freeze-drying is detrimental for the protein product. A glassy amorphous state is a prerequisite for stability, however a glassy state as such will not assure sufficient stability. The glass temperature which defines the state of the freeze-dried cake can be influenced by the moisture content and the choice of excipients. %U https://journal.pda.org/content/pdajpst/48/6/311.full.pdf