PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Rubio, Sandra L.
AU  - Moldenhauer, Jeanne E.
TI  - Effect of Rubber Stopper Composition, Preservative Pretreatment and Rinse Water Temperature on the Moist Heat Resistance of Bacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 12980
DP  - 1995 Jan 01
TA  - PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
PG  - 29--31
VI  - 49
IP  - 1
4099  - http://journal.pda.org/content/49/1/29.short
4100  - http://journal.pda.org/content/49/1/29.full
SO  - PDA J Pharm Sci Technol1995 Jan 01; 49
AB  - Bacillus stearothermophilus spores (liquid suspension) were inoculated onto rubber stoppers and exposed to sublethal steam sterilization cycles at 120°C. The D-values were determined using the fraction-negative method. An increase in heat resistance (D-value) of 200%–400% was observed when the spore suspension was inoculated onto rubber stoppers. The D-values ranged from 4.90–6.96 minutes 120°C. No significant effect was seen when different preservatives were added to the stoppers nor when hot or cold rinse water temperatures were used after processing.