PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Thomas J. Berger
AU  - Patricia A. Nelson
TI  - The Effect of Formulation of Parenteral Solutions on Microbial Growth—Measurement of D- and Z-values
DP  - 1995 Jan 01
TA  - PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
PG  - 32--41
VI  - 49
IP  - 1
4099  - http://journal.pda.org/content/49/1/32.short
4100  - http://journal.pda.org/content/49/1/32.full
SO  - PDA J Pharm Sci Technol1995 Jan 01; 49
AB  - In order to assess the sterilization conditions for parenteral solutions, the microbial inactivation kinetics of steam resistant spores of Clostridium sporogenes were evaluated. The D-value or death rate kinetics as well as z-values were obtained for several formulation categories of solutions employing a miniature steam retort. Amino acid and heparin solutions provided appreciable microbial resistance as demonstrated by resulting high D- and low z-values. The addition of electrolytes to carbohydrate solutions resulted in increased microbial resistance compared to carbohydrate solutions without electrolytes. A categorization of solutions and their potential impact on microbial thermal resistance will be presented