PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - John D. Ludwig AU - Craig W. Davis TI - Automated Method for Determining Instron Residual Seal Force of Glass Vial/Rubber Closure Systems Part II. 13 mm vials DP - 1995 Sep 01 TA - PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology PG - 253--256 VI - 49 IP - 5 4099 - http://journal.pda.org/content/49/5/253.short 4100 - http://journal.pda.org/content/49/5/253.full SO - PDA J Pharm Sci Technol1995 Sep 01; 49 AB - Instron Residual Seal Force (IRSF) of 13 mm glass vial/rubber closure systems was determined using an Instron 4501 Materials Testing System and computerized data analysis. A series of three cap anvils varying in shape and dimensions were machined to optimize cap anvil performance. Cap anvils with spherical top surfaces and narrow internal dimensions produced uniform stress-deformation curves from which precise IRSF values were derived.