PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Hazel Aranha-Creado
AU  - G. J. Fennington, Jr.
TI  - Cumulative Viral Titer Reduction Demonstrated by Sequential Challenge of a Tangential Flow Membrane Filtration System and a Direct Flow Pleated Filter Cartridge
DP  - 1997 Sep 01
TA  - PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
PG  - 208--212
VI  - 51
IP  - 5
4099  - http://journal.pda.org/content/51/5/208.short
4100  - http://journal.pda.org/content/51/5/208.full
SO  - PDA J Pharm Sci Technol1997 Sep 01; 51
AB  - The efficiency of sequential incorporation of two approaches to virus removal, i.e., tangential flow ultrafiltration using the Omega™ 300K VR Maximate™ System, and, direct flow microfiltration using the Ultipor® VF™ grade DV50 virus removal filter, was evaluated using bacteriophage Φ6 in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (MEM) as the carrier fluid. A combined log titer reduction value of >10 was demonstrated, with each step, individually, providing >4.5 log reduction. Significant improvement in filter life was also demonstrated when the combined system was used. The data suggest that this system may have applications in the manufacture of biologicals and biopharmaceuticals, where there is a requirement for multiple robust methods of virus removal to ensure freedom from endogenous or adventitious viral contamination.