RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Topological Structure and Chemical Composition of Inner Surfaces of Borosilicate Vials
JF PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
JO PDA J Pharm Sci Technol
FD Parenteral Drug Association (PDA)
SP 169
OP 175
VO 58
IS 3
A1 Schwarzenbach, Monica S.
A1 Reimann, Peter
A1 Thommen, Verena
A1 Hegner, Martin
A1 Mumenthaler, Marco
A1 Schwob, Jacky
A1 Güntherodt, Hans-Joachim
YR 2004
UL http://journal.pda.org/content/58/3/169.abstract
AB The use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is described to characterize the inner surfaces of pharmaceutical vials. The two type I borosilicate glasses included in this study slightly differ in their amounts of alkaline oxides. The topography and chemistry of the inner surfaces of vials are predominantly caused by the forming process. A structural and chemical modification of the inner surface of vials was also observed when exposing the surface to different pH conditions and special treatment like washing and sterilization, which are routine operation steps during galenical manufacturing.