PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Gregg A. Mosley
AU  - John R. Gillis
AU  - Garrett Krushefski
TI  - Evaluating the Formulae for Integrated Lethality in Ethylene Oxide Sterilization Using Six Different Endospore Forming Strains of Bacteria, and Comparisons of Integrated Lethality for Ethylene Oxide and Steam Systems
DP  - 2005 Jan 01
TA  - PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
PG  - 64--86
VI  - 59
IP  - 1
4099  - http://journal.pda.org/content/59/1/64.short
4100  - http://journal.pda.org/content/59/1/64.full
SO  - PDA J Pharm Sci Technol2005 Jan 01; 59
AB  - Bacterial endospores from six different species of bacteria were exposed to a spectrum of ethylene oxide (EtO) sterilizing conditions. Temperature was varied from 40 to 60 °C and the ethylene oxide concentration was varied from 300 to 750 mg/L. Relative humidity was maintained at 60 ± 10% RH. The fraction negative procedure was used to determine the D value for each of the test conditions. Bacterial species tested included Bacillus atrophaeus ATCC # 9372, Bacillus smithii ATCC # 51232, Bacillus subtilis “5230” ATCC # 35021, Bacillus subtilis, DSM # 4181, Bacillus pumilus ATCC # 27142, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC # 7953. All spore preparations were inoculated on filter paper strips packaged in blue, sterilizable glassine pouches. G. stearothermophilus was the least resistant organism tested. The most resistant organisms tested were B. atrophaeus and B. subtilis “5230”. The B. subtilis “5230” strain was slightly more resistant than B. atrophaeus at conditions of 54C and EtO concentrations of 400, 600, and 750 mg/L, as well as at 60C/750mg/L EtO. The other species were between these extremes. This empirical data allowed the application of the recently published formula for converting D values from one set of conditions to another and evaluations of accuracy. The measured D values also allowed the determination of Z values based on temperature variations. These formulae, when applied to process temperatures independent of gas concentration, result in a Z value of approximately 32 °C that appears to be similar for all species tested. These data support the application of the previously published formulae 1–6 and allow the same approach to integrated lethality for ethylene oxide processes as is commonly applied to steam sterilization. A review of steam sterilization and related principles was conducted for comparison of integrated lethality for these two methods of sterilization. Errors associated with D values, Z values, extrapolation, and integrated lethality for both methods of sterilization are discussed.