TY - JOUR T1 - Visualization Techniques for Assessing Design Factors That Affect the Interaction between Pharmaceutical Vials and Stoppers JF - PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology JO - PDA J Pharm Sci Technol SP - 182 LP - 187 VL - 64 IS - 2 AU - Philippe Lam AU - Al Stern Y1 - 2010/03/01 UR - http://journal.pda.org/content/64/2/182.abstract N2 - We developed several techniques for visualizing the fit between a stopper and a vial in the critical flange area, a location typically hidden from view. Using these tools, it is possible to identify surfaces involved in forming the initial seal immediately after stopper insertion. We present examples illustrating important design elements that can contribute to forming a robust primary package. These techniques can also be used for component screening by facilitating the identification of combinations that do not fit well together so that they can be eliminated early in the selection process.© PDA, Inc. 2010 ER -