RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Cleaning and Disinfection of Bacillus cereus Biofilm JF PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology JO PDA J Pharm Sci Technol FD Parenteral Drug Association (PDA) SP pdajpst.2014.005165 DO 10.5731/pdajpst.2014.005165 A1 Deal, Amanda A1 Klein, Dan A1 Lopolito, Paul A1 Schwarz, John Spencer YR 2016 UL http://journal.pda.org/content/early/2016/04/13/pdajpst.2014.005165.abstract AB Methodology has been evolving for the testing of disinfectants against bacterial single-species biofilms, as the difficulty of biofilm remediation continues to gain much needed attention. Bacterial single-species biofilm contamination presents a real risk to GMP regulated industries. However, mixed-species biofilms and biofilms containing bacterial spores remain an even greater challenge for cleaning and disinfection. Among spore-forming microorganisms frequently encountered in pharmaceutical manufacturing areas, the spores of Bacillus cereus are often determined to be the hardest to disinfect and eradicate. One of the reasons for the low degree of susceptibility to disinfection is the ability of these spores to be encapsulated within an exopolysachharide biofilm matrix. In this series of experiments, we evaluated the disinfectant susceptibility of B. cereus biofilms relative to disassociated B. cereus spores and biofilm from a non-spore-forming species. Further, we assessed the impact that pre-cleaning has on increasing that susceptibility.