Bulking Agents, Protectants, and Tonicity Adjusters
| Excipient | Example |
|---|---|
| Alanine | Thrombate III® (Bayer) |
| Albumin | Bioclate® (Arco) |
| Albumin (Human) | Botox® (Allergan) |
| Amino acids | Havrix® (Smith Kline Beecham) |
| Arginine (L) | Activase® (Genentech) |
| Aspargine | Tice BCG® (Organon) |
| Aspartic acid (L) | Pepcid® (Merck) |
| Calcium chloride | Xyntha® (Wyeth) |
| Cyclodextrin-alpha | Edex® (Schwartz) |
| Cyclodextrin-gamma | Cardiotec® (Squibb) |
| Dextran 40 | Etopophos® (Bristol Myers) |
| Dextrose | Betaseron® (Berlex) |
| Gelatin (crosslinked) | Kabikinase® (Pharmacia-Upjohn) |
| Gelatin (hydrolyzed) | Acthar® (Rhone-Poulanc Rorer) |
| Lactic & glycolic acid copolymers | Lupron Depot® (TAP) |
| Glucose | Iveegam® (Immuno-US) |
| Glycerine | Tice BCG® (Organon) |
| Glycine/glycine hydrochloride | Atgam® (Pharmacia-Upjohn) |
| Histidine | Antihemophilic factor, human (American Red Cross) |
| Imidazole | Helixate® (Armour) |
| Inositol | OctreoScan® (Mallinckrodt) |
| Lactose | Caverject® (Pharmacia-Upjohn) |
| Magnesium chloride | Terramycin solution (Pfizer) |
| Magnesium sulfate | Tice BCG® (Organon) |
| Maltose | Gamimune N® (Bayer) |
| Mannitol | Elspar® (Merck) |
| Polyethylene glycol 3350 | Bioclate® (Arco) |
| Polylactic acid | Lupron Depot® (TAP) |
| Potassium chloride | Varivax® (Merck) |
| Povidone (PVP) | Alkeran® (Glaxo-Wellcome) |
| Sodium chloride | WinRho SD® (Univax) |
| Sodium cholesteryl sulfate | Amphotec® (Sequus) |
| Sodium succinate | Actimmune® (Genentech) |
| Sodium sulfate | Depo-Provera® (Pharmacia-Upjohn) |
| Sorbitol | Panhematin® (Abbott) |
| Sucrose | Prolastin® (Bayer) |
| L-Threonine | Temodar® (Schering) |
| Trehalose (alpha, alpha) | Herceptin® (Genentech) |