Upstream Barrier Technology Comparison
| Technology | Virus Clearance Efficacy | Large-Scale Processing Suitability |
|---|---|---|
| Heat (HTST—102 °C/10 sec) | Broad spectrum; highly effective (>6–8 LRV MMV) | Demonstrated, point-of-use |
| UV-C (254 nm, 100 mJ/cm2) | Virus-dependent (4–8 LRV observed in serum) | Water treatment history, media under development, point-of-use |
| Irradiation (25–40 kGy) | Virus-dependent (>4–6 LRV reported, some <2) | Not suitable, not point-of-use |
| Filtration (small virus 20 nm) | >4–6 LRV reported | Impractical filter costs, point-of-use |
Must evaluate barrier for effect on media/component performance.