Table I

Equipment and Materials Used in the Study

EquipmentSupplier/Model
BalanceMettler Toledo AG 204 (Columbus, OH)/AG135
Two fluid nozzle (5 mm OD and 90 mm length)IVEK Corp. (North Springfield, Vermont)/Sonicair
Ceramic positive displacement piston pump and controllerIVEK Corp. (North Springfield, Vermont)/Micro linear pump module & Linear actuator module
Pump controller module (Micro linear actuator)IVEK Corp. (North Springfield, Vermont)/Digispense 3020
Robo-cylinder linear actuatorIAI America (Torrence, CA)
PLC/HMI controllerOmron American (Schaumburg, IL)
Nozzle heaterWatlow (St. Louis, MO)/Firerod®
Nozzle heater controllerRed Lion Controls (York, PA)/Model T48
Instron force measuring deviceInstron (Grove City, PA)/Model 5542
Vent wire stoppering toolBecton Dickinson (Franklin Lakes, NJ)/Custom tool
Semi-automatic syringe washerBausch Advanced Technology (Clinton, CT) Type 303 Washer
MaterialsSupplier/Model
1 mL-Long syringe with 27G × 1/2′ staked needleBecton Dickinson (Swedesboro, NJ)/Hypak Type 1 glass syringes (Lot # 082111)
Tefzel tubing (1/8" OD, 1/16" ID)Upchurch Scientic (Oak Harbor, WA)
Plunger stopperWest Pharmaceuticals (Lionville, PA) W4023/FLT (Lot # 0000122330)
Polystyrene plunger rodBecton Dickinson (Bridgeport, NJ)/Plunger rod for 1mL Long (Lot # 44386)
Silicone fluidDow Corning (Midland, MI)/Dow 360 Medical Fluid, 1,000 cSt (Lot # 0005938393)