TABLE II
Stress Models and Anticipated Stress Mechanisms Occurring in the Gap within Impeller/Drive Unit Assembly and Piston/Housing Coupling
| Model | Stress Types | Anticipated Stress Types and Mechanisms Associated with Grinding Action in Gap | Stress Types and Mechanisms Unlikely during Grinding Action in Gap | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solid-Liquid Interfaces | Cavitation | Friction-Induced Thermal Effect | Air–Liquid Interfaces | Hydraulic Shear Stress | Mechanical Impact | |||
| Interaction Mechanisms | Adsorption/ Dislodgement/Nucleation | Nanoparticle Shedding/ Nucleation | Shock Wave (bubble implosion) induced hot spots due to heat and pressure changes | High Temperature/Heat Acting on a Very Small Volume/Area | Hydrophobic Interactions/Surface Turbulence | Internal Shear Force at Boundary Layer Adjacent to Solid Surface | Impact of High-velocity Liquid on Solid Surface | |
| Double-Gap Rheometer |  | x | x | |||||
| Rotor-Stator Homogenizer |  | x | x | x | x | |||
| Sonicator |  | x | x | |||||
| Incubation | Nucleation | x | x | |||||
| Spray Drying |  | x | x | |||||