We investigated the application of the bacterial endotoxin test for the quantification of the
endotoxin contamination of various commercial porcine vaccines. In endotoxin-spiked samples, …

A method to detect peptidoglycan and (1 → 3)-β-d-glucan with silkworm larvae plasma (SLP)
derived from the hemolymph of the silkworm, Bombyx mori was developed. SLP contains …

Reduction of reference standard endotoxin activity was kinetically analyzed under low
endotoxin recovery conditions and was considered as an apparent first-order reaction. …

Mechanism of Low Endotoxin Recovery (LER) was investigated by observing the change in
particle sizes and activity of endotoxin in LER solutions containing sodium citrate and …

The United States Pharmacopeia (USP), European Pharmacopeia (EP), and Parenteral
Drug Association (PDA) provide guidance on the validation of alternative microbiological …

… Shimizu, Tomoharu MD, PhD; Tani, Tohru MD, PhD; Endo, Yoshihiro MD, PhD;
Hanasawa, Kazuyoshi MD, PhD; Tsuchiya, Masakazu PhD; Kodama, Masashi MD, PhD …

Two new recombinant cascade reagents (rCRs), PyroSmart NextGen® and PYROSTAR TM
Neo, have recently become available for endotoxin testing of parenteral drugs in the …

Dilution of samples with water (water dilution method) was not appropriate for measuring
the endotoxin activity in solutions containing chelating agents and detergents—typical …

The silkworm larvae plasma (SLP) test has been established based on a cascade reaction
triggered by either peptidoglycan or (1, 3)‐β‐D‐glucan to produce melanin. We applied this …

In vivo effects of aluminum adjuvant on systemic reaction of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
in piglets were investigated. Intramuscular injection of 0.1 mg kg −1 of LPS added to …