Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) is the gold standard for taxonomy and strain
typing of Leishmania, but has some limitations. An alternative reliable and fast genotyping …

The Leishmania donovani complex, which consists of L. donovani, L. infantum-L. chagasi,
and L. archibaldi, is responsible for visceral manifestations of leishmaniasis. Multilocus …

Background Leishmania infantum is the causative agent of visceral and cutaneous
leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean region, South America, and China. MON-1 L. infantum is the …

The assurance of sterility of a parenteral drug product, prior to any human use, is a
regulatory requirement. Hence, all strategies related to container closure integrity (CCI) must …

MATERIALS AND METHODS Parasite culture and DNA preparation. The sources, clinical
manifestations, geographical origins, and zymodemes of the strains are listed in Table 1. …

Moraxella catarrhalis is a common pathogen found in children with upper respiratory tract
infections and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during exacerbations. …

Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects from observational data is a central problem in
many domains. Because counterfactual data is inaccessible, the problem differs …

Throughout the world more policy making and the politics that shape it take place in the
urban regions where most people live. This book draws on eleven case studies of similar but …

Moraxella catarrhalis is an emerging human respiratory pathogen in patients with chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in children with acute otitis media. The specific …

Abstract Models of disease progression are instrumental for predicting patient outcomes
and understanding disease dynamics. Existing models provide the patient with pragmatic (…