Cleanroom microflora are of importance for microbiologists and quality control personnel in
order to assess changes in trends. Shifts in the types of microflora may indicate deviations …

… [3] Sandle T. The media kitchen: preparation and testing of microbiological culture media.
In… Sandle T. Sterility, sterilisation and sterility assurance for pharmaceuticals. Cambridge, UK: …

… Sandle, 2013 The right of Tim Sandle to be identified as author of this Work has been asserted
by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act …

Bacterial populations inhabiting pharmaceutical grade water systems were investigated
over a fifteen year period. The systems analyzed were mains water, purified and Water-for-…

Biocides (antiseptics and disinfectants) are widely used in hospitals and pharmaceutical
industries for contamination control. The emergence of reduced susceptibility to biocides is the …

Silver is a potent antimicrobial agent against a variety of microorganisms and once the
element has entered the bacterial cell, it accumulates as silver nanoparticles with large surface …

Background The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance among Gram-positive organisms,
especially staphylococci, has become a serious clinical challenge. Efflux machinery and …

Purposes The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of biocide resistant genes,
qacA, qacE and cepA in multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae, …

For those not familiar with Microbiology, the Gram stain (or more accurately Gram’s stain) is
a laboratory staining technique that distinguishes between two groups of bacteria by the …

This chapter provides an introduction to the main themes of this book. It examines the theory
of sterility and how it is a concept of probability. Microorganisms and viability in relation to …