Since dialysis was introduced 30 years ago, constant progress in technology permitted
shortening the length of hemodialysis (HD) sessions. Through growing concerns about the …

This is the report of the forty-third of a series of workshops organised by the European
Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM). ECVAM's main goal, as defined in …

Providing a well-written and easy-to-read review of the subject, this reference describes the
most recent breakthroughs in the validation and execution of testing schemes for parenteral …

The inability to detect endotoxin added to undiluted drug samples has been called: Low
Endotoxin Recovery (LER). The phenomenon has caused concerns amongst drug …

The measurement of low levels of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins) in protein
samples can be a challenge due to potential interference from the inherent properties of the …

We wish to develop an in vitro test system for pyrogenic substances. A major source of
pyrogen activity is endotoxin. Here we describe a highly sensitive endotoxin-monitoring …

The aim of this study was to develop an in vitro test system for pyrogenic substances. Three
clones derived from human monocytoid cell lines, which were selected by their high …

The current global demand for endotoxin testing is projected to double by 2024. In light of
the serious decline of the Asian horseshoe crab species and regulated harvesting …

The Endosafe® Portable Testing System™(PTS™) portable system for endotoxin testing
was evaluated to analyze biopharmaceutical samples such as raw materials and finished …

The physical and chemical properties of flax (linen) are attractive from the perspective of
biomaterials science and engineering. Flax textiles uniquely combine hydrophilicity and …