Capping completes the closure of parenteral drug products in the final packaging container
and is critical in maintaining an integral seal to ensure product quality. Residual seal force …

The vial capping process is a critical unit operation during drug product manufacturing, as it
could possibly generate cosmetic defects or even affect container closure integrity. Yet there …

Parenteral drug products are protected by appropriate primary packaging to protect against
environmental factors, including potential microbial contamination during shelf life duration …

The majority of parenteral drug products are manufactured in glass vials with an elastomeric
rubber stopper and a crimp cap. The vial sealing process is a critical process step during fill …

Capping equipment used in good manufacturing practice manufacturing features different
designs and a variety of adjustable process parameters. The overall capping result is a …

A vial-capping process for lyophilization stopper configurations was previously quantified
using residual seal force (RSF). A correlation between RSF and container closure integrity …

The assurance of sterility of a parenteral drug product, prior to any human use, is a
regulatory requirement. Hence, all strategies related to container closure integrity (CCI) must …

Prefilled syringes (PFSs) are increasingly preferred over vials as container closure systems
(CCSs) for injectable drug products when facilitated or self-administration is required …

As the complexities of the pharmaceuticals needed to prevail over serious diseases
continue to grow, the need for technologies to enable their efficient storage and delivery are …

Frozen-state storage and cold-chain transport are key operations in the development and
commercialization of biopharmaceuticals. Today, several marketed drug products are stored …