The majority of parenteral drug products are manufactured in glass vials with an elastomeric
rubber stopper and a crimp cap. The vial sealing process is a critical process step during fill …

Parenteral drug products are protected by appropriate primary packaging to protect against
environmental factors, including potential microbial contamination during shelf life duration …

Capping completes the closure of parenteral drug products in the final packaging container
and is critical in maintaining an integral seal to ensure product quality. Residual seal force …

Capping equipment used in good manufacturing practice (GMP) manufacturing feature
different designs and a variety of adjustable process parameters. The overall capping result …

Capping equipment used in good manufacturing practice manufacturing features different
designs and a variety of adjustable process parameters. The overall capping result is a …

The vial capping process is a critical unit operation during drug product manufacturing, as it
could possibly generate cosmetic defects or even affect container closure integrity. Yet there …

Container closure integrity (CCI) is one of the requirements for a sterile packaging system.
For vial-based systems, the capping process is a critical step in creating and ensuring an …

Vial capping plays a critical role in the drug product manufacturing process owing to the
complex interplay of several adjustable process steps. Seal quality and integrity and …

Frozen-state storage and cold-chain transport are key operations in the development and
commercialization of biopharmaceuticals. Today, several marketed drug products are stored …

There has been a growing interest in the assessment of container closure systems (CCS) for
cold storage and shipment. Prior publications have lacked systematic considerations for the …