During the past decade, rapid changes in microelectronic technology have made the use of
computers economically justifiable in processing applications which could not be justified …

Freeze Drying of Pharmaceutical Products provides an overview of the most recent and
cutting-edge developments and technologies in the field, focusing on formulation …

Inâ•’Line Product Quality Control of Pharmaceuticals in Freezeâ•’Drying Processes Page 1 4
In-Line Product Quality Control of Pharmaceuticals In Freeze-Drying Processes Antonello A …

This report provides, for the first time, a summary of experiments using SMART™ Freeze
Dryer technology during a 9 month testing period. A minimum ice sublimation area of about …

The end point of sublimation drying, or primary drying, is an important control point in the
freeze drying process. Traditionally, the end of sublimation drying is determined by product …

Abstract Design of freeze-drying processes is often approached with a “trial and error”
experimental plan or, worse yet, the protocol used in the first laboratory run is adopted …

A detailed evaluation of a pilot plant lyophilizer provided valuable information for the
development and programming of drying cycles for production equipment. Temperature …

This article aims to investigate how a small-scale freeze-dryer can be used for process
design. The system encompasses a temperature controlled metallic ring that surrounds a …

Freeze drying process development normally proceeds via an empirical “trial and error”
experimental approach which is both time consuming and uncertain in reliable extrapolation …

This paper is focused on the design of an in-line control system for the freeze-drying process
of pharmaceuticals in a vial. The goal is to minimize the duration of the primary drying, when …