Abstract
When mannitol solutions were frozen in glass vials at typical rates (0.3–1°C/min) and warmed while monitoring the electrical resistance of the frozen solution, a sharp increase in resistance was often seen between –30 and –16 °C. This increase was associated with the breakage of the vial which also occurred during warming. The increase in resistance and vial breakage are thought to result from “recrystallization” in the frozen solution. The magniude of the recrystallization and the vial breakage are shown to be related to the freezing rate. Vial breakage tended to increase with increase in concentration and fill volume. Methods of lyophilizing mannitol solutions with little or no breakage are described.
- Received September 17, 1985.
- Accepted May 20, 1986.
- Copyright © Parenteral Drug Association. All rights reserved.
PDA members receive access to all articles published in the current year and previous volume year. Institutional subscribers received access to all content. Log in below to receive access to this article if you are either of these.
If you are neither or you are a PDA member trying to access an article outside of your membership license, then you must purchase access to this article (below). If you do not have a username or password for JPST, you will be required to create an account prior to purchasing.
Full issue PDFs are for PDA members only.
Note to pda.org users
The PDA and PDA bookstore websites (www.pda.org and www.pda.org/bookstore) are separate websites from the PDA JPST website. When you first join PDA, your initial UserID and Password are sent to HighWirePress to create your PDA JPST account. Subsequent UserrID and Password changes required at the PDA websites will not pass on to PDA JPST and vice versa. If you forget your PDA JPST UserID and/or Password, you can request help to retrieve UserID and reset Password below.