Iontophoretic Delivery of Acyclovir: Intradermal Drug Monitoring Using Microdialysis and Quantification by Skin Extraction

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Volpato N. M.,
   2. Nicoli S.,
   3. Laureri C.,
   4. Colombo P.,
   5. Santi P.

   In vitro acyclovir distribution in human skin layers after transdermal iontophoresis. J. Controlled Release 1998, 50 (1–3),291–296.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of ScienceGoogle Scholar
2. 2.↵
   1. Shukla C.,
   2. Friden P.,
   3. Juluru R.,
   4. Stagni G.

   In vivo quantification of acyclovir exposure in the dermis following iontophoresis of semisolid formulations. J. Pharm. Sci. 2009, 98 (3),917–925.

   OpenUrlPubMedGoogle Scholar
3. 3.↵
   1. Stagni G.,
   2. Ali M. E.,
   3. Weng D.

   Pharmacokinetics of acyclovir in rabbit skin after i.v.-bolus, ointment, and iontophoretic administrations. Int. J. Pharm. 2004, 274 (1–2),201–211.

   OpenUrlPubMedGoogle Scholar
4. 4.↵
   1. O'Brien J. J.,
   2. Campoli-Richards D. M.

   Acyclovir. An updated review of its antiviral activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs 1989, 37 (3),233–309.

   OpenUrlPubMedWeb of ScienceGoogle Scholar
5. 5.↵
   1. Parry G. E.,
   2. Dunn P.,
   3. Shah V. P.,
   4. Pershing L. K.

   Acyclovir bioavailability in human skin. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1992, 98 (6),856–863.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of ScienceGoogle Scholar
6. 6.↵
   1. Volpato N. M.,
   2. Santi P.,
   3. Colombo P.

   Iontophoresis enhances the transport of acyclovir through nude mouse skin by electrorepulsion and electroosmosis. Pharm. Res. 1995, 12 (11),1623–1627.

   OpenUrlPubMedGoogle Scholar
7. 7.↵
   1. Aungst B. J.,
   2. Rogers N. J.,
   3. Shefter E.

   Enhancement of naloxone penetration through human skin in vitro using fatty acids, fatty alcohols, surfactants, sulfoxides and amides. Int. J. Pharm. 1986, 33 (1–3),225–234.

   OpenUrlCrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. 8.↵
   1. Loftsson T.,
   2. Somogyi G.,
   3. Bodor N.

   Effect of choline esters and oleic acid on the penetration of acyclovir, estradiol, hydrocortisone, nitroglycerin, retinoic acid and trifluorothymidine across hairless mouse skin in vitro. Acta Pharm. Nord 1989, 1 (5),279–286.

   OpenUrlPubMedGoogle Scholar
9. 9.↵
   1. Ranade V. V.

   Drug delivery systems. 6. Transdermal drug delivery. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1991, 31 (5),401–418.

   OpenUrlPubMedGoogle Scholar
10. 10.↵
    1. Santus G. C.,
    2. Baker R. W.

    Transdermal enhancer patent literature. J. Controlled Release 1993, 25 (1–2),1–20.

    OpenUrlGoogle Scholar
11. 11.↵
    1. Lashmar U. T.,
    2. Manger J.

    Investigation of the potential for iontophoresis facilitated transdermal delivery of acyclovir. Int. J. Pharm. 1994, 111 (1),73–82.

    OpenUrlGoogle Scholar
12. 12.↵
    1. Padula C.,
    2. Sartori F.,
    3. Marra F.,
    4. Santi P.

    The influence of iontophoresis on acyclovir transport and accumulation in rabbit ear skin. Pharm. Res. 2005, 22 (9),1519–1524.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of ScienceGoogle Scholar
13. 13.↵
    1. Wearley L.,
    2. Chien Y.W.

    Enhancement of the in vitro skin permeability of azidothymidine (AZT) via iontophoresis and chemical enhancer. Pharm. Res. 1990, 7 (1),34–40.

    OpenUrlPubMedGoogle Scholar
14. 14.↵
    1. Gay C. L.,
    2. Green P. G.,
    3. Guy R. H.,
    4. Francoeur M. L.

    Iontophoretic delivery of piroxicam across the skin in vitro. J. Controlled Release 1992, 22 (1),57–67.

    OpenUrlGoogle Scholar
15. 15.↵
    1. Abla N.,
    2. Naik A.,
    3. Guy R. H.,
    4. Kalia Y. N.

    Topical iontophoresis of valaciclovir hydrochloride improves cutaneous aciclovir delivery. Pharm. Res. 2006, 23 (8),1842–1849.

    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of ScienceGoogle Scholar
16. 16.↵
    1. Singh P.,
    2. Maibach H. I.

    Iontophoresis: an alternative to the use of carriers in cutaneous drug delivery. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev. 1996, 18 (3),379–394.

    OpenUrlGoogle Scholar
17. 17.↵
    1. Banga A. K.

    Transdermal and Intradermal Delivery of Therapeutic Agents: Application of Physical Technologies; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2011.

    Google Scholar
18. 18.↵
    1. Guy R. H.,
    2. Kalia Y. N.,
    3. Delgado-Charro M. B.,
    4. Merino V.,
    5. Lopez A.,
    6. Marro D.

    Iontophoresis: electrorepulsion and electroosmosis. J. Controlled Release 2000, 64 (1–3),129–132.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
19. 19.↵
    1. Stagni G.,
    2. O'Donnell D.,
    3. Liu Y. J.,
    4. Kellogg D. L.,
    5. Morgan T.,
    6. Shepherd A. M.

    Intradermal microdialysis: kinetics of iontophoretically delivered propranolol in forearm dermis. J. Controlled Release 2000, 63 (3),331–339.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of ScienceGoogle Scholar
20. 20.↵
    1. Krogstad A. L.,
    2. Jansson P. A.,
    3. Gisslen P.,
    4. Lonnroth P.

    Microdialysis methodology for the measurement of dermal interstitial fluid in humans. Br. J. Dermatol. 1996, 134 (6),1005–1012.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of ScienceGoogle Scholar
21. 21.↵
    1. Benfeldt E.

    In vivo microdialysis for the investigation of drug levels in the dermis and the effect of barrier perturbation on cutaneous drug penetration. Studies in hairless rats and human subjects. Acta Derm. Venereol. Suppl. (Stockholm) 1999, 206, 1–59.

    OpenUrlGoogle Scholar
22. 22.↵
    1. Borg N.,
    2. Gotharson E.,
    3. Benfeldt E.,
    4. Groth L.,
    5. Stahle L.

    Distribution to the skin of penciclovir after oral famciclovir administration in healthy volunteers: comparison of the suction blister technique and cutaneous microdialysis. Acta Derm. Venereol. 1999, 79 (4),274–277.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of ScienceGoogle Scholar
23. 23.↵
    1. Groth L.

    Cutaneous microdialysis. A new technique for the assessment of skin penetration. Curr. Probl. Dermatol. 1998, 26, 90–98.

    OpenUrlPubMedGoogle Scholar
24. 24.↵
    1. Herkenne C.,
    2. Alberti I.,
    3. Naik A.,
    4. Kalia Y. N.,
    5. Mathy F. X.,
    6. Preat V.,
    7. Guy R. H.

    In vivo methods for the assessment of topical drug bioavailability. Pharm. Res. 2008, 25 (1),87–103.

    OpenUrlPubMedGoogle Scholar
25. 25.↵
    1. Farfal S.,
    2. Klimowicz A.,
    3. Bielecka-Grzela S.

    Acyclovir concentrations in the skin of humans after a single oral dose assessed by in vivo cutaneous microdialysis. Skin. Res. Technol. 2006, 12 (4),228–234.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
26. 26.↵
    1. Morgan C. J.,
    2. Renwick A. G.,
    3. Friedmann P. S.

    The role of stratum corneum and dermal microvascular perfusion in penetration and tissue levels of water-soluble drugs investigated by microdialysis. Br. J. Dermatol. 2003, 148 (3),434–443.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of ScienceGoogle Scholar
27. 27.↵
    1. Klimowicz A.,
    2. Farfal S.,
    3. Bielecka-Grzela S.

    Evaluation of skin penetration of topically applied drugs in humans by cutaneous microdialysis: acyclovir vs. salicylic acid. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther. 2007, 32 (2),143–148.

    OpenUrlPubMedGoogle Scholar
28. 28.↵
    1. Godin B.,
    2. Touitou E.

    Transdermal skin delivery: predictions for humans from in vivo, ex vivo and animal models. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2007, 59 (11),1152–1161.

    OpenUrlPubMedGoogle Scholar
29. 29.↵
    1. Bronaugh R. L.,
    2. Stewart R. F.,
    3. Congdon E. R.

    Methods for in vitro percutaneous absorption studies. II. Animal models for human skin. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1982, 62 (3),481–488.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of ScienceGoogle Scholar
30. 30.↵
    1. Kikwai L.,
    2. Babu R. J.,
    3. Prado R.,
    4. Kolot A.,
    5. Armstrong C. A.,
    6. Ansel J. C.,
    7. Singh M.

    In vitro and in vivo evaluation of topical formulations of Spantide II. AAPS PharmSciTech 2005, 6 (4),E565–E572.

    OpenUrlPubMedGoogle Scholar
31. 31.↵
    1. Lauer A. C.,
    2. Elder J. T.,
    3. Weiner N. D.

    Evaluation of the hairless rat as a model for in vivo percutaneous absorption. J. Pharm. Sci. 1997, 86 (1),13–18.

    OpenUrlPubMedGoogle Scholar
32. 32.↵
    1. Morimoto Y.,
    2. Hatanaka T.,
    3. Sugibayashi K.,
    4. Omiya H.

    Prediction of skin permeability of drugs: comparison of human and hairless rat skin. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1992, 44 (8),634–639.

    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of ScienceGoogle Scholar
33. 33.↵
    1. Sachdeva V.,
    2. Siddoju S.,
    3. Yu Y. Y.,
    4. Kim H. D.,
    5. Friden P. M.,
    6. Banga A. K.

    Transdermal iontophoretic delivery of terbinafine hydrochloride: quantitation of drug levels in stratum corneum and underlying skin. Int. J. Pharm. 2010, 388 (1–2),24–31.

    OpenUrlPubMedGoogle Scholar
34. 34.↵
    1. Sachdeva V.,
    2. Kim H. D.,
    3. Friden P. M.,
    4. Banga A. K.

    Iontophoresis mediated in vivo intradermal delivery of terbinafine hydrochloride. Int. J. Pharm. 2010, 393 (1–2),112–118.

    OpenUrlPubMedGoogle Scholar
35. 35.↵
    1. Vemulapalli V.,
    2. Yang Y.,
    3. Friden P. M.,
    4. Banga A. K.

    Synergistic effect of iontophoresis and soluble microneedles for transdermal delivery of methotrexate. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2008, 60 (1),27–33.

    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of ScienceGoogle Scholar
36. 36.↵
    1. Volpato N. M.,
    2. Santi P.,
    3. Laureri C.,
    4. Colombo P.

    Assay of acyclovir in human skin layers by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 1997, 16 (3),515–520.

    OpenUrlPubMedGoogle Scholar
37. 37.↵
    1. Kristl A.,
    2. Tukker J. J.

    Negative correlation of n-octanol/water partition coefficient and transport of some guanine derivatives through rat jejunum in vitro. Pharm. Res. 1998, 15 (3),499–501.

    OpenUrlPubMedGoogle Scholar
38. 38.↵
    1. Kristl A.,
    2. Mrhar A.,
    3. Kozjek F.

    The ionisation properties of acyclovir and deoxyacyclovir. Int. J. Pharm. 1993, 99 (1),79–82.

    OpenUrlGoogle Scholar
39. 39.↵
    1. Merino V.,
    2. López A.,
    3. Kalia Y. N.,
    4. Guy R. H.

    Electrorepulsion versus electroosmosis: effect of pH on the iontophoretic flux of 5-fluorouracil. Pharm. Res. 1999, 16 (5),758–761.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
40. 40.↵
    1. Stagni G.,
    2. O'Donnell D.,
    3. Liu Y. J.,
    4. Kellogg D.L. Jr..,
    5. Shepherd A. M.

    Iontophoretic current and intradermal microdialysis recovery in humans. J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods 1999, 41 (1),49–54.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar