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PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

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Research ArticleResearch

In-Process Microbial Testing: Statistical Properties of a Rapid Alternative to Compendial Enumeration Methods

Emil M. Friedman, Mark Warner, Sam C. Shum and Fred Adair
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology March 2015, 69 (2) 264-269; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5731/pdajpst.2015.01019
Emil M. Friedman
MannKind Corporation, One Casper Street, Danbury, CT
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  • For correspondence: efriedman@mannkindcorp.com
Mark Warner
MannKind Corporation, One Casper Street, Danbury, CT
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Sam C. Shum
MannKind Corporation, One Casper Street, Danbury, CT
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Fred Adair
MannKind Corporation, One Casper Street, Danbury, CT
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References

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    The numerical interpretation of fermentation-tube results. J. Infect. Dis. 1915, 17 (1), 183–212.
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    Applications of statistics to problems in bacteriology. I. A means of determining bacterial population by the dilution method. J. Bacteriol. 1933, 25 (2), 101–121.
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    Estimation of bacterial densities by means of the “most probable number”. Biometrics 1950, 6 (2), pp 105–116.
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    Appendix 2 of the FDA's Bacteriological Analytical Manual, 2010, (http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodScienceResearch/LaboratoryMethods/ucm109656.htm, accessed March 25, 2014).
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    USP General Chapter <61> Microbiological Examination of Nonsterile Products: Microbial Enumeration Tests. United States Pharmacopeia, 37th Rev.; U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc.: Rockville, MD, 2014.
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    1. Miller M.
    J Case study of a new growth-based rapid microbiological method (RMM) that detects the presence of specific organisms and provides an estimation of viable cell count. Am. Pharm. Rev. 2012, 15 (2), 18–25.
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    A First Course in Probability, 2nd ed.; Macmillan: New York, 1984; p 126.
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    1. George E. P. Box,
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    (1978), Statistics for Experimenters, Wiley, NY, 1978, chapter 5.6, 5.5.
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    Process Quality Control; McGraw-Hill: New York, 1975; p 174.
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    International Organization for Standards. Statistics—Vocabulary and Symbols—Part 2: Applied Statistics, ISO 3534-2, Section 4.6.6, 2006. (https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3534:-2:ed-2:v1:en, accessed 8/19/14).
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    1. Hahn G. J.,
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    Statistical Intervals; Wiley: New York, 1991; p 342.
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PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology: 69 (2)
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
Vol. 69, Issue 2
March/April 2015
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In-Process Microbial Testing: Statistical Properties of a Rapid Alternative to Compendial Enumeration Methods
Emil M. Friedman, Mark Warner, Sam C. Shum, Fred Adair
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Mar 2015, 69 (2) 264-269; DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2015.01019

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In-Process Microbial Testing: Statistical Properties of a Rapid Alternative to Compendial Enumeration Methods
Emil M. Friedman, Mark Warner, Sam C. Shum, Fred Adair
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Mar 2015, 69 (2) 264-269; DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2015.01019
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    • Introduction
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Keywords

  • Alternative microbial method
  • Binomial distribution
  • Colony-forming units (CFU)
  • False alarm rate
  • Most probable number (MPN)
  • Operating Characteristic (OC) curve
  • Poisson distribution
  • Rapid microbiological method (RMM)
  • Sensitivity
  • Specificity

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