Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Past Issues
    • Accepted Articles
    • Email Alerts
    • RSS
    • Terms of Use
  • About PDA JPST
    • JPST Editors and Editorial Board
    • About/Vision/Mission
    • Paper of the Year
  • Author & Reviewer Resources
    • Author Resources / Submit
    • Reviewer Resources
  • JPST Access and Subscriptions
    • PDA Members
    • Institutional Subscriptions
    • Nonmember Access
  • Support
    • Join PDA
    • Contact
    • Feedback
    • Advertising
    • CiteTrack
  • .
    • Visit PDA
    • PDA Letter
    • Technical Reports
    • news uPDATe
    • Bookstore

User menu

  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
  • .
    • Visit PDA
    • PDA Letter
    • Technical Reports
    • news uPDATe
    • Bookstore
  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Past Issues
    • Accepted Articles
    • Email Alerts
    • RSS
    • Terms of Use
  • About PDA JPST
    • JPST Editors and Editorial Board
    • About/Vision/Mission
    • Paper of the Year
  • Author & Reviewer Resources
    • Author Resources / Submit
    • Reviewer Resources
  • JPST Access and Subscriptions
    • PDA Members
    • Institutional Subscriptions
    • Nonmember Access
  • Support
    • Join PDA
    • Contact
    • Feedback
    • Advertising
    • CiteTrack
  • Follow pda on Twitter
  • Visit PDA on LinkedIn
  • Visit pda on Facebook
Review ArticleReview

A Tale of Two Sterilizers

James P. Agalloco
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology January 2020, 74 (1) 162-169; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5731/pdajpst.2019.009993
James P. Agalloco
Agalloco & Associates Inc., 22 Carriage Trail, Belle Mead, NJ 08502
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

Abstract

Steam sterilization is widely used across the healthcare industry and is the most documented and standardized sterilization method. Despite its broad application, there is considerable confusion regarding the different process control considerations and sterilizer designs necessary for its successful use. The methods and equipment used for porous loads (equipment, components, and tools) are established to address air removal and steam penetration as these are critical to process efficacy. Sterilizing processes and equipment for non-porous loads (sealed aqueous containers) seek to minimize variations across the load and minimize the potential for under- or over-processing of portions of the load. These distinctions are not always evident in publications. The United States Pharmacopeia content brought attention to these differences in General Chapter <1229.1> Sterilization by Direct Contact and General Chapter <1229.2> Moist Heat Sterilization of Aqueous Liquids. This publication provides expanded content beyond that found in USP in a side-by-side comparison of the process considerations and equipment design details. It also reviews sterilization practices in laboratory, formulation, and biowaste sterilization applications, which often require the simultaneous sterilization of porous and non-porous items.

  • Steam sterilization
  • Terminal sterilization
  • Porous loads
  • Non-porous loads
  • Sterilizer design
  • United States Pharmacopeia
  • © PDA, Inc. 2020
View Full Text

PDA members receive access to all articles published in the current year and previous volume year. Institutional subscribers received access to all content. Log in below to receive access to this article if you are either of these.  

If you are neither or you are a PDA member trying to access an article outside of your membership license, then you must purchase access to this article (below). If you do not have a username or password for JPST, you will be required to create an account prior to purchasing. 

Full issue PDFs are for PDA members only.

Note to pda.org users

The PDA and PDA bookstore websites (www.pda.org and www.pda.org/bookstore) are separate websites from the PDA JPST website. When you first join PDA, your initial UserID and Password are sent to HighWirePress to create your PDA JPST account. Subsequent UserrID and Password changes required at the PDA websites will not pass on to PDA JPST and vice versa. If you forget your PDA JPST UserID and/or Password, you can request help to retrieve UserID and reset Password below.

Log in using your username and password

Forgot your user name or password?

Log in through your institution

You may be able to gain access using your login credentials for your institution. Contact your library if you do not have a username and password.
If your organization uses OpenAthens, you can log in using your OpenAthens username and password. To check if your institution is supported, please see this list. Contact your library for more details.

Purchase access

You may purchase access to this article. This will require you to create an account if you don't already have one.

patientACCESS

patientACCESS - Patients desiring access to articles

Full issue PDFs are for PDA members only. You can join PDA at www.pda.org. 

PreviousNext
Back to top

In This Issue

PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology: 74 (1)
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
Vol. 74, Issue 1
January/February 2020
  • Table of Contents
  • Index by Author
  • Complete Issue (PDF)
Print
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
A Tale of Two Sterilizers
(Your Name) has sent you a message from PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
5 + 1 =
Solve this simple math problem and enter the result. E.g. for 1+3, enter 4.
Citation Tools
A Tale of Two Sterilizers
James P. Agalloco
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Jan 2020, 74 (1) 162-169; DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2019.009993

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
A Tale of Two Sterilizers
James P. Agalloco
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Jan 2020, 74 (1) 162-169; DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2019.009993
Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Other Steam Sterilization Usage
    • Multipurpose Sterilizers
    • Conclusion
    • Conflict of Interest Declaration
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • Flexible Loading Pattern Approach in Overkill Steam Sterilization Based on the Physical Properties of Steam and Thermodynamics of Sterilization
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • A Risk Assessment and Risk-Based Approach Review of Pre-Use/Post-Sterilization Integrity Testing (PUPSIT)
  • Recommendations for Artificial Intelligence Application in Continued Process Verification: A Journey Toward the Challenges and Benefits of AI in the Biopharmaceutical Industry
  • A Review of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Product Life Cycle Management
Show more Review

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • Steam sterilization
  • Terminal sterilization
  • Porous loads
  • Non-porous loads
  • Sterilizer design
  • United States Pharmacopeia

Readers

  • About
  • Table of Content Alerts/Other Alerts
  • Subscriptions
  • Terms of Use
  • Contact Editors

Author/Reviewer Information

  • Author Resources
  • Submit Manuscript
  • Reviewers
  • Contact Editors

Parenteral Drug Association, Inc.

  • About
  • Advertising/Sponsorships
  • Events
  • PDA Bookstore
  • Press Releases

© 2025 PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Print ISSN: 1079-7440  Digital ISSN: 1948-2124

Powered by HighWire