Research ArticleResearch
Flexible Loading Pattern Approach in Overkill Steam Sterilization Based on the Physical Properties of Steam and Thermodynamics of Sterilization
Arnan Ben-David
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology May 2023, 77 (3) 166-180; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5731/pdajpst.2021.012708
Arnan Ben-David
10AR – Sterile Engineering Solutions, 7 Yona Volach St., Rosh Haain, Israel

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In This Issue
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
Vol. 77, Issue 3
May/June 2023
Flexible Loading Pattern Approach in Overkill Steam Sterilization Based on the Physical Properties of Steam and Thermodynamics of Sterilization
Arnan Ben-David
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology May 2023, 77 (3) 166-180; DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2021.012708
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