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Review ArticleReview

Clarifications on the Intended Use of USP <61> Microbiological Examination of Nonsterile Products: Microbial Enumeration Tests

Edward C. Tidswell, Radhakrishna S. Tirumalai and Deborah D. Gross
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology May 2024, 78 (3) 348-357; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5731/pdajpst.2023.012855
Edward C. Tidswell
1Quality Assurance, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486; and
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  • For correspondence: edward.tidswell@merck.com
Radhakrishna S. Tirumalai
2Analytical R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486
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Deborah D. Gross
2Analytical R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486
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References

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PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology: 78 (3)
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
Vol. 78, Issue 3
May/June 2024
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Clarifications on the Intended Use of USP <61> Microbiological Examination of Nonsterile Products: Microbial Enumeration Tests
Edward C. Tidswell, Radhakrishna S. Tirumalai, Deborah D. Gross
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology May 2024, 78 (3) 348-357; DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2023.012855
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Applicable Definitions and Terms
    • History of USP <61> Microbiological Examination of Nonsterile Products: Microbial Enumeration Tests
    • Nonsterile Drug Products and the Purpose of USP <61>
    • Key Clarifications
    • Introduction
    • General Procedures
    • Enumeration Methods
    • Growth Promotion Test, Suitability of the Counting Method and Negative Controls
    • Finale
    • Conflict of Interest Declaration
    • References
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More in this TOC Section

  • The Role of Microbiologists in Drug Product Development
  • A Risk Assessment and Risk-Based Approach Review of Pre-Use/Post-Sterilization Integrity Testing (PUPSIT)
  • Recommendations for Artificial Intelligence Application in Continued Process Verification: A Journey Toward the Challenges and Benefits of AI in the Biopharmaceutical Industry
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Keywords

  • Compendia
  • United States Pharmacopeia
  • Microbiological test methods
  • Microbial enumeration
  • Nonsterile products
  • USP <61>
  • Bioburden

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Clarifications on the Intended Use of USP <61> Microbiological Examination of Nonsterile Products: Microbial Enumeration Tests
Edward C. Tidswell, Radhakrishna S. Tirumalai, Deborah D. Gross
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology May 2024, 78 (3) 348-357; DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2023.012855

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