People as a Contamination Source in Pharmaceutical Clean Rooms—Source Strengths and Calculated Concentrations of Airborne Contaminants

Bengt Ljungqvist; Berit ReinmÜller

doi:10.5731/pdajpst.2020.012054

References

1.↵
1. Whyte W.,
2. Vesley D.,
3. Hodgson R.
Bacterial Dispersion in Relation to Operating Room Clothing. J. Hyg. 1976, 76 (3), 367–378.
OpenUrl CrossRef
2.↵
1. Hoborn J.
, Humans as Dispersers of Microorganisms—Dispersion Pattern and Prevention, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Göteborg, Sweden, 1981.
3.↵
1. Whyte W.,
2. Bailey P.
Reduction of Microbial Dispersion by Clothing. J. Parenter. Sci. Technol. 1985, 39 (1), 51–61.
OpenUrl PubMed
4.↵
1. Reinmüller B.,
2. Ljungqvist B.
Modern Cleanroom Clothing Systems: People as a Contamination Source. PDA J. Pharm. Sci.. Technol. 2003, 57 (2), 114–125.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
5.↵
1. Ljungqvist B.,
2. Reinmüller B.
Cleanroom Clothing Systems—People as a Contamination Source; PDA/DHI Publishing LLC: River Grove, IL, 2004.
6.↵
1. Whyte W.,
2. Hejab M.
Particle and Microbial Airborne Dispersion from People. Eur. J. Parenter. Pharm. Sci.s 2007, 12 (2), 39–46.
OpenUrl
7.↵
Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology. IEST-RP-CC003.4. Garment System Considerations for Cleanrooms and Other Controlled Environments; IEST: Arlington Heights, IL, 2011.
8.↵
1. Ljungqvist B.,
2. Reinmüller B.
Active Sampling of Airborne Viable Particles in Controlled Environments; a Comparative Study of Common Instruments. Eur. J.Parenter. Sci. 1998, 3 (3), 59–62.
OpenUrl
9.↵
1. Ljungqvist B.,
2. Reinmüller B.
Monitoring Efficiency of Microbiological Impaction Air Samplers. Eur. J. Parenter. Pharm. Sci. 2008, 13 (4), 93–97.
OpenUrl
10.
1. Austin R. P.
Contamination Control Index. Contam. Contr. 1966, 5 (1), 11–19.
OpenUrl
11.↵
International Organization for Standardization, ISO 14644-16:2019 Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments—Part 16: Energy efficiency in cleanrooms and separative devices. ISO: Geneva, 2019.