Failure of Glass Tubing Vials during Lyophilization

David R. Machak; Gary L. Smay

doi:10.5731/pdajpst.2017.008276

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Failure of Glass Tubing Vials during Lyophilization

David R. Machak and Gary L. Smay

PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology January 2019, 73 (1) 30-38; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5731/pdajpst.2017.008276

David R. Machak

American Glass Research, a Division of AGR International, Inc., 603 Evans City Road, Butler, PA, USA.

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For correspondence: dmachak@agrintl.com

Gary L. Smay

American Glass Research, a Division of AGR International, Inc., 603 Evans City Road, Butler, PA, USA.

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vol. 73 no. 1 30-38

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5731/pdajpst.2017.008276

PubMed

30361283

Published By

Parenteral Drug Association (PDA)

Print ISSN

1079-7440

Online ISSN

1948-2124

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Published online February 1, 2019.

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previous version (October 25, 2018 - 06:38).
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David R. Machak* and
Gary L. Smay

American Glass Research, a Division of AGR International, Inc., 603 Evans City Road, Butler, PA, USA.

↵* Corresponding Author: American Glass Research, a Division of AGR International, Inc., 603 Evans City Road, Butler, PA 16001; E-mail: dmachak{at}agrintl.com

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Failure of Glass Tubing Vials during Lyophilization

David R. Machak, Gary L. Smay

PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Jan 2019, 73 (1) 30-38; DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2017.008276

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Failure of Glass Tubing Vials during Lyophilization

David R. Machak, Gary L. Smay

PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Jan 2019, 73 (1) 30-38; DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2017.008276

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Keywords

Borosilicate glass
fracture diagnosis
Fracture patterns
Lyophilization
Thermal shock
Internal force

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